影片連結:
https://ppt.cc/fLRBgx
內容摘要:
- the experience is converted into a pulse of electrical energy that zips along a network of neurons. Information first lands in short-term memory, where it's available from anywhere from a few seconds to a couple of minutes. It's then transferred to long-term memory through areas such as the hippocampus, and finally to several storage regions across the brain.
這經歷會轉換為一束電子脈衝並沿著神經元網絡傳遞。訊息會首先到達短期記憶,可能從幾秒到幾分鐘都有,然後再經過海馬迴的等其他區域後,被傳送到長期記憶區,最後傳到大腦內的數個儲存區域。
- Neurons throughout the brain communicate at dedicated sites called synapses, using specialized neurotransmitters.
分散在大腦裡的神經元在稱為突觸的特定區域以專門的神經傳導物質來交換訊息
- If two neurons communicate repeatedly, a remarkable thing happens: the efficiency of communication between them increases. This process, called long term potentiation, is considered to be a mechanism by which memories are stored long-term,
如果兩個神經元持續地傳遞訊息,會有件驚奇的事發生 :那就是這兩個神經元的溝通效率會提高, 這個過程我們稱之為長期增強作用,也是這個機制使我們大腦儲存了長期記憶。
- Age: As we get older, synapses begin to falter and weaken
年紀:當我們年紀越大,突觸開始衰弱退化
- Memories are encoded most strongly when we're paying attention. Mental and physical health problems, which tend to increase as we age, interfere with our ability to pay attention,
當我們重視某樣東西時,對它才會印象深刻。隨著年齡遞增,我們心靈及身體上的健康問題可能也隨之增加,進而影響我們的注意力。
- chronic stress:with chronic stress our bodies become flooded with these chemicals, resulting in a loss of brain cells and an inability to form new ones, which affects our ability to retain new information.
長期性的壓力:我們承受長期壓力時,我們的身體會充滿了這些化學物質,並會導致腦細胞的損壞及降低新腦細胞的製造能力,進而導致影響我們記憶資訊的能力
- Depression:People who are depressed are 40% more likely to develop memory problems.
憂鬱:受到憂鬱困擾的人們比一般人高出40%的機率會有記憶問題
- A study by the Harvard School of Public Health found that older people with high levels of social integration had a slower rate of memory decline over a six-year period.
哈佛公共衛生學院的一份研究指出在六年的區間內,越融入社會的老年人,他們記憶衰退的速度會越緩慢
- keep physically active : Increased blood flow to the brain is helpful.
常常活動你的身體:增加流入大腦的血量是有幫助的
- eat well : Your brain needs all the right nutrients to keep functioning correctly.
吃好:你的大腦需要各種正確的營養素來保持運作
- give your brain a workout 訓練你的大腦
單字:
vivid
fade
dial
hippocampus 海馬迴
synapse 突觸
remarkalbe
dedicate
potentiation
mechanism
retrieve
deterioration
shrink
engage
responsibility
crisis
remain
retain
attain (v.) 獲得、達成
detain (v.) 扣留、阻止
maintain (v.) 維持
obtain (v.) 取得、獲得
sustain (v.) 承受、忍受、支撐、維持
depression
despair
expose
culprit
serotonin 血清素
arousal
dwell on Sth : dwell 這個字本身是動詞,意思是「停留」、「居住」,若後面加上 on ,則表示「停留在某事物」、「詳細描述某事物」或「強調某事物」。也可以搭配 upon ,意思不變。
sympton
integration
preserve
intact : 通常會說 keep something intact,意思是「保持某事物的完整」、「使某物不受(外界)接觸」。
in the first place 有「首先」的意思,不會放在句首,而是放在句子後面,用來強調某一件事先發生了,或是某一件事原本就存在。/ 若當作「最根本的原因」,才會放於句首
First and foremost 首先、最首要的(最正式、用於寫作)
First of all 首先 (介於兩者之間、用於寫作、對話)
First off 首先 (最不正式、用於對話)
First things first 要緊事先來辦 (口語、用於發布命令時)
chronic 反義詞 : acute用來形容某種病或疼痛是「短暫劇烈」的,其還有「敏銳的、嚴重的」